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What are Severe and Enduring Eating Disorders?

Reviewed by Clinical Director, Jillian Walsh, RD, RP

Please note: It is uncommon for Change Creates Change clients to live with severe and enduring eating disorders. Keep reading to find out why.

Severe and Ensuring Eating Disorder Definition

It is difficult to define SEED because there is only a small amount of research on the subject, and eating disorder recovery is so individualized. What works in eating disorder recovery for some folks may not work in eating disorder recovery for others. 

A treatment modality refers to a type of treatment used for those living with a mental illness. You may have heard treatment modality referred to as ‘treatment approach’ or ‘treatment type’. It is important to remember that just because someone doesn’t respond to a certain treatment modality, it doesn’t mean that they are living with SEED. Folks not responding to a specific treatment modality can lead to folks being misdiagnosed with SEED.

Some research defines SEED as individuals who have lived with an eating disorder for over three years, while other research defines SEED as individuals who have lived with an eating disorder for over five years. Folks who have lived with AN for less than three years and who undergo family-based therapy have higher success with eating disorder recovery. Since our clients are less than 25 years of age we use family-based therapy as the first line of treatment at Change Creates Change. For those reasons, it is uncommon for our clients to live with SEED.

Research shows that a holistic approach to eating disorder treatment is the best method to determine whether an individual is living with SEED. A holistic approach means that more than just the duration or resistance to treatment is considered when making a diagnosis. Instead, it accounts for an individual’s unique circumstances and treatment needs.

Weight Cycling and SEED

Folks living with SEED may engage in weight cycling. For example, they may become weight restored in treatment and then lose the weight they’ve gained once they have completed treatment. Not only can weight cycling be bad for our physical health, it can also negatively impact our mental health.

Treatment

As we mentioned above, it is important to note that not everyone living with an eating disorder will respond to the same treatment modality. For example, someone may be receiving in-patient treatment for their eating disorder that follows a specific treatment modality. They may not respond to the treatment modality used in that particular hospital program, but the other individuals in the program do. The reason they are not responding to the treatment could be because their own individualized needs are not being met by it. They may be misdiagnosed with SEED since they are not responding to that specific treatment modality. For their treatment and eating disorder recovery, these folks would need to follow a different treatment modality than the one that was used in that particular hospital program.

Management


At Change Creates Change we know that early treatment and an individualized approach gives folks the best chance at eating disorder recovery. Book a free consultation call with one of our clinicians to find out how we can help your child today.

*Reserved for Canadian residents.

References

Wildes, JE, Forbush, KT., Hagan, KR., Marcua, MD., Attia, E., Gianini, LM., Wu, W. (2016). Characterizing severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: An empirical approach. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50(4), 389-397. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22651

Gutiérrez, E., & Carrera, O. (2021). Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa: Enduring Wrong Assumptions? Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.538997

Yager, J. (2021). Managing Patients With Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa: When Is Enough, Enough? JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1249-1257. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001124

Mental Health Treatment Modalities | Affinity Center California. (n.d.). Affinity Treatment Centers, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2022, from https://www.affinitytreatmentcenters.com/treatment-modalities

Robinson, P. (2019). Severe and Enduring Eating Disorders: Concepts and Management. In Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87004

Robinson, P. H., Kukucska, R., Guidetti, G., & Leavey, G. (2015). Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SEED-AN): A Qualitative Study of Patients with 20+ Years of Anorexia Nervosa. European Eating Disorders Review, 23(4), 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2367

Westmoreland, P., & Mehler, P. S. (2016). Caring for Patients With Severe and Enduring Eating Disorders (SEED): Certification, Harm Reduction, Palliative Care, and the Question of Futility. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 22(4), 313–320. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRA.0000000000000160

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